UNIT 2: ECOSYSTEMS
1. COMMUNITIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS
-HABITAT: It´s a place with certain physical conditions ( types of rocks temperature, amount of light, air quality and so on).
-EXAMPLES OF HABITAT: Oceans, deserts, mountains or underground caves.
-COMMUNITIES: All living organisms that live in a particular habitat.
-ECOSYSTEMS:
-It´s the flora and the fauna of a certain place.
-Ecosystems are made up of communities and habitats.
-All living things interact in an ecosystem.
2. ADAPTATION
-ADAPTATION:
-Animals and plants adapt to their habitats.
-Living things adapt their body or behaviour to their habitats.
-Examples: giraffes, guepards, camels, polar bears, cactus and so on.
3. FOOD CHAIN
-The food chain is made up of 3 groups:
-Producers: They make their own food through the photosynthesis process.
-Examples: Plants and algae.
-Consumers: They feed on plants or other living organisms.
-Examples: Carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
-Decomposers: They return the food to the environment. They transform dead living organisms into simple substances.
-Examples: fungi and bacteria.
4. CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEMS
1)CHANGES THAT DON´T ALTER ECOSYSTEMS
1.The variation of temperature and light during the day and night.
2.Changes in the atmosphere and weather because of the seasons.
3.Changes in water levels because of tides.
4.The migrations of large population of animals.
5.Traditional human activities: crops.
2) CHANGES THAT ALTER ECOSYSTEMS
1.Natural disasters.
2.Excesive fishing, hunting and harvesting.
3.The natural or artificial introduction of living organisms in other ecosystems.
4.Pollution.
5.Human activities such as building.
Today is Monday the 9th of November 2,015
4.
CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEMS
1)CHANGES
THAT DON´T ALTER ECOSYSTEMSS
1.The variation of temperature
and light during the day and night.
2.Changes in the atmosphere and weather because of the seasons.
3.Changes in water levels because of tides.
4.The migrations of large population of animals.
5.Traditional
human activities: crops.
2) CHANGES THAT ALTER ECOSYSTEMS
1.Natural
disasters.
2.Excesive fishing, hunting and harvesting.
3.The
natural or
artificial introduction of
living organisms in other ecosystems.
4.Pollution.
5.Human
activities such as building.
Today is Wednesday the 4th of November 2,015
UNIT 2: ECOSYSTEMS
1.
COMMUNITIES OF LIVING ORGANISMS
-HABITAT:
It´s a
place with certain physical conditions ( types of rocks temperature, amount of
light, air quality and
so on).
-EXAMPLES
OF HABITAT: Oceans, deserts, mountains or underground
caves.
-COMMUNITIES:
All
living organisms that live in a particular habitat.
-ECOSYSTEMS:
-It´s the flora and the fauna of a certain
place.
-Ecosystems are made up of communities
and habitats.
-All living things interact in an ecosystem.
2.
ADAPTATION
-ADAPTATION:
-Animals and plants adapt to their habitats.
-Living things adapt their body or behaviour to their habitats.
-Examples: giraffes, guepards, camels, polar bears, cactus and so on.
3.
FOOD CHAIN
-The food chain is made up of 3 groups:
-Producers: They make their own food through the photosynthesis process.
-Examples: Plants and algae.
-Consumers: They feed on plants or other living organisms.
-Examples:
Carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
-Decomposers: They return the food to the environment. They transform dead living organisms into simple substances.
-Examples: fungi and bacteria.
Today is Tuesday the 29 of September 2,015
UNIT 1: PLANTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT
1. LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR VITAL FUNCTION
- There are living organisms in land, in water, in the air, underground and inside other living organisms.
- Living organisms have 2 main characteristics:
1) Living organisms perform 3 vital functions:
1. Nutrition: It is the process by which we get food and release waste.
2. Interaction: It´s the reaction to changes in the environment.
3. Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring.
2) Living organisms are full of cells:
1. Cells are microscopic
2. There are many shapes of cells
2. TYPES OF LIVING ORGANISMS
- There are millions of different types of living organisms.
- Some organisms are made of 1 single cell, for example, a bacteria.
- Other organisms are made of millions cells.
- Scientists classify living organisms into 5 groups:
1. Animals: fish, insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians or human beings.
2. Plants: pine trees, rosemary, poppies, daisies, orange tree, and so on.
3. Fungi:
mushrooms Mould
yeast Truffle
4. Algae and protozoa
5. Bacteria
3. THE NUTRITION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- All living things perform 3 vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.
- In the nutrition process, plants make their own food, breathe and remove waste.
- The process by which plants make their own food is called photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. The mixture of minerals and water is called xylem sap. Xylem sap reaches the leaves through the conducting vessels.
2. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from air.
3. Leaves absorb energy from sunlight.
All this process convert xylem sap into phloem sap. This is the food of the plant and expels oxygen as waste.
4. THE INTERACTION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- Plants don´t have sensory organs but they react to these factors:
1. Light:
- Stems grow towards their main source of light.
- Some plants change their orientation to follow the Sun.
- Some plants lose their leaves or flowers depending on the amount of daily light.
2. Water:
- Roots grow down looking for water they need.
3. Contact:
- Climbing plants grow over and around any object they touch.
5. PLANTS AND THE SEASONS
- The seasons of the year produce changes in plant activity and appearence.
- In spring:
1. There are more hours of sunlight.
2. Buds and leaves grow.
3. This is the time of bloom.
4. There are more insects and birds.
- In autumn:
1. There are less hours of daylight and days are colder.
2. Many trees and plants lose their leaves:
A) Deciduous trees: They lose their leaves in winter.
B) Evergreen: They don´t lose their leaves in winter.
6. THE REPRODUCTION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- Most plants reproduce through their flowers.
- This process has got 4 stages: pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, and germination.
1. POLLINATION:
- Definition: It´s the process by which pollen of a flower get to the pistil of another flower.
- Pollen can travel by wind, water or animals. These are called pollinators.
- Petals of flower are colorful to attract animals.
- Flowers produce sweet nectar to attract insects too.
- It is the union of the pollen and the ovule. This ovule forms the embryo. The fertilised ovule becomes a seed.
- The embryo develops a layer of nutrients and the protective outer seed shell.
- The pistil becomes a fruit.
4. GERMINATION
- It´s the development of the embryo contained within the seed.
- The seed opens and the embryo develops roots, a stem and leaves.
Today is Monday the 28th of September 2,015
2. FERTILISATION
- It is the union of the pollen and the ovule. This ovule forms the embryo. The fertilised ovule becomes a seed.
- The embryo develops a layer of nutrients and the protective outer seed shell.
- The pistil becomes a fruit.
4. GERMINATION
- It´s the development of the embryo contained within the seed.
- The seed opens and the embryo develops roots, a stem and leaves.
Today is Thursday the 24th of September 2,015
6. THE REPRODUCTION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- Most plants reproduce through their flowers.
- This process has got 4 stages: pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, and germination.
1. POLLINATION:
- Definition: It´s the process by which pollen of a flower get to the pistil of another flower.
- Pollen can travel by wind, water or animals. These are called pollinators.
- Petals of flower are colorful to attract animals.
- Flowers produce sweet nectar to attract insects too.
Today is Wednesday the 23rd of September 2,015
5. PLANTS AND THE SEASONS
- The seasons of the year produce changes in plant activity and appearence.
- In spring:
1. There are more hours of sunlight.
2. Buds and leaves grow.
3. This is the time of bloom.
4. There are more insects and birds.
- In autumn:
1. There are less hours of daylight and days are colder.
2. Many trees and plants lose their leaves:
A) Deciduous trees: They lose their leaves in winter.
B) Evergreen: They don´t lose their leaves in winter.
Today is Tuesday the 22nd of September 2,015
4. THE INTERACTION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- Plants don´t have sensory organs but they react to these factors:
1. Light:
- Stems grow towards their main source of light.
- Some plants change their orientation to follow the Sun.
- Some plants lose their leaves or flowers depending on the amount of daily light.
2. Water:
- Roots grow down looking for water they need.
3. Contact:
- Climbing plants grow over and around any object they touch.
Today is Monday the 21st of September 2,015
3. THE NUTRUTION FUNCTION IN PLANTS
- All living things perform 3 vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.
- In the nutrition process, plants make their own food, breathe and remove waste.
- The process by which plants make their own food is called photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. The mixture of minerals and water is called xylem sap. Xylem sap reaches the leaves through the conducting vessels.
2. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from air.
3. Leaves absorb energy from sunlight.
All this process convert xylem sap into phloem sap. This is the food of the plant and expels oxygen as waste.
Today is Saturday the 19th of September 2,015
2. TYPES OF LIVING ORGANISMS
- There are millions of different types of living organisms.
- Some organisms are made of 1 single cell, for example, a bacteria.
- Other organisms are made of millions cells.
- Scientists classify living organisms into 5 groups:
1. Animals: fish, insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians or human beings.
2. Plants: pine trees, rosemary, poppies, daisies, orange tree, and so on.
3. Fungi:
mushrooms Mould
yeast Truffle
4. Algae and protozoa
5. Bacteria
Today is Thursday the 17th of September 2,015
UNIT 1: PLANTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT
1. LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR VITAL FUNCTION
- There are living organisms in land, in water, in the air, underground and inside other living organisms.
- Living organisms have 2 main characteristics:
1) Living organisms perform 3 vital functions:
1. Nutrition: It is the process by which we get food and release waste.
2. Interaction: It´s the reaction to changes in the environment.
3. Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring.
2) Living organisms are full of cells:
1. Cells are microscopic
2. There are many shapes of cells
3. Cells perform the 3 vital functions.
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